Range

States

Description

HIMALAYA RANGE

Northern India

Great Himalaya Range

·  Rising more than 22,000 feet above sea level and with the stretch of over 1,200 miles along India’s northern border.

·  It has Kanchenjunga, the third-highest peak in the world.

Middle Himalaya Range

·  An elevation of about 5,000 to 20,000 feet above sea level.

·  There are two major mountain ranges in the Middle Himalaya—the Pir Panjal Range and Dhauladhar Range.

Outer Himalaya/Shivalik Range

·  Consists of valleys and hills that rise no more than about 5,000 feet above sea level.

·  A large part of the range is located in Himachal Pradesh.

Karakoram Range

Ladakh

·  A sub range of the Hindu Kush Himalayan Range

·  It is a Trans- Himalayan Mountain starts from the Pamir Knot.

·  K2, the second highest peak in the world is located here.

·  Heavily glaciated part of the world outside the Polar Regions.

·  Famous Glaciers – Siachen Glacier, Biafo Glacier.

·  Karakoram Range span the borders between Pakistan, India and China.

·  Located in the regions of Gilgit – Baltistan (Pakistan), Ladakh (India) and Xinjiang region (China).

Ladakh Range

Ladakh

·  South eastern extension of the Karakoram Range.

·  Runs parallel to the Indus River from the mouth of the Shyok River in Ladakh in the west to the border with Tibet in the east.

·  Extension of the Ladakh Range into China is known as Kailash Range

·  India’s cold desert named as LEH lies here at its southern edge.

·  Khardung La Pass is located on it.

Zaskar Range

Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh, Uttarakhand

·  Trans-Himalayan or Tibetan Himalayan range located between the Great Himalayas and the Ladakh Range.

·  Boundary line between Ladakh and remaining two regions i.e. Jammu region and Vale of Kashmir.

·  Highest peak Kamet (UK).

·  Lies here Coldest place in India, Dras (The Gateway to Ladakh)

·  Famous Passes – Shipki, Lipu Lekh, and Mana Pass

•Nanga Parbat forms its culmination in the northwest

Pir Panjal Range

Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh

·  Westernmost range of the Lesser Himalayas which separates Jammu from Kashmir.

·  Separates Jammu Hills to the south from the Vale of Kashmir (Kashmir Valley), beyond which lie the Great Himalayas.

·  Extends from the Jhelum River to the upper Beas River for 300-400km.

·  Highest Point – Indrasan, 2^nd Highest – Deo Tibba

·  Has India’s longest rail tunnel known as Pir Panjal Railway Tunnel, Banihal road tunnel (Jawahar Tunnel)

·  Famous Passes – Pir Panjal Pass, Banihal Pass, and Rohtang pass.

Dhauladhar Range (White Range)

Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh

·  Southernmost range of the Lesser Himalayas in Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh.

·  Spread in J & K and Himachal, with home to major hill stations like Kullu, Manali & Shimla.

·  Highest peak – Hanuman ji Ka Tiba, or ‘White Mountain‘

·  Hill Stations -Dalhousie, Chamba, Kullu, Manali, Botata, Dharmshala, Shimla

·  Southern slope is steeper than the northern slope.

Nag Tibba

Uttarakhand

·  Part of the Lesser Himalaya in the southwestern Uttarakhand.

·  Nag Tibba (3022m) is its highest peak.

·  Most easterly of the ranges of the Lesser Himalayas in India.

·  Hill Station– Mussoorie.

Shivalik Range

·  The Shivalik Hills, also known as Churia Hills, are a mountain range of the outer Himalayas.

·  Also known as Manak Parbat in ancient times, literally means ‘tresses of Shiva’.

·  About 2,400 km long from Indus till Brahmaputra, with a gap of about 90 km between the Teesta and Raidak rivers in Assam known as sub Himalayas.

·  Consists of valleys and hills that rise no more than about 5,000 feet above sea level.

·  A large part of the range is located in Himachal Pradesh.

Kumaon Range

Uttarakhand

·  Part of the Lesser Himalayas in the south-eastern part of Uttarakhand.

PURVANCHAL RANGE

·  The Purvanchal Mountains cover the states of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Tripura, Nagaland, Meghalaya and Mizoram.

·  The average height of peaks in this range is about 9,845 feet above sea level.

·  The highest is the Dapha Bum.

Garo, Khasi, Jaintia Hills

·  Continuous mountain range in Meghalaya

Garo Hills

Meghalaya

·  Westernmost part of the Meghalaya Plateau.

·  Inhabited by the Garo tribes.

·  Nokrek Biosphere Reserve situated Here.

·  Tura is the main city in the region.

·  Highest peak- Nokrek.

Khasi Hills

Meghalaya

·  Middle part of the Meghalaya Plateau.

·  Highest point of the Meghalaya Plateau.

·  Cherrapunjee and Mawsynram are located in it.

·  Shillong is located in the hill.

·  Inhabited by the matrilineal Khasi tribes.

Jayantiya Hills

Meghalaya

·  Eastern part of the Meghalaya Plateau.

·  Inhabited by the Jayantiya tribes.

·  Jhuming cultivation is practised.

·  High rainfall region.

·  Presence of the laterite soils.

Patkai Bum Range

Arunachal Pradesh

·  Situated on India’s north-eastern border with Burma.

·  Northernmost range of the Purvanchal, located in Arunachal Pradesh.

·  Forms boundary between India and Myanmar.

·  Source of Burhi Dihing and Disang rivers.

Mikir Hills

Assam

·  Part of the Meghalaya Plateau located in Assam, just south of the Brahmaputra River.

·  Group of hills located to the south of the Kaziranga National Park (Assam).

• Mikir tribes live here who practise Jhum cultivation.

• Hills consist of the Archaean rocks.

Dafla

Arunachal Pradesh

·  Part of the Shivalik located in Arunachal Pradesh

·  Located between the Subansiri River and the Kameng River, that to the south of the Kamla River.

·  Tribes living here practice Jhum cultivation.

·  Covered with dense bamboo, pine and deodar trees.

Naga Hills

Nagaland

·  Part of the Purvanchal.

·  Located between the Patkai Bum and the Manipur Hills in Nagaland.

·  Highest peak- Saramati (3826m)

·  Forms boundary between India and Myanmar.

Abor Hills

Arunachal Pradesh

·  Hills of Arunachal Pradesh, near the border with China, bordered by Mishmi and Miri Hills.

·  Drained by Dibang River, a tributary of the Brahmaputra.

·  Located in Arunachal Pradesh between the Dibang and the Subansiri river.

·  Covered with deciduous and evergreen forests. Inhabited by the tribal peoples.

·  Highest peak is 3992 m above sea level.

Miri Hills

Arunachal Pradesh

·  Part of the Outer Himalayas (Shivalik) in Arunachal Pradesh.

·  Located between the Subansiri River and the Kameng River that to the north of the Kamla River which separates it forms the Dafla Hills.

·  Inhabited by tribes.

·  Terraces are built for the cultivation.

Mishmi Hills

Arunachal Pradesh

·  Easternmost part of the Shivalik.

·  Located in northeast Arunachal Pradesh from the Dibang River (West) to the Myanmar border in the east and eastern parts touching China.

·  Situated at the junction of North eastern Himalaya and Indo-Burma ranges.

·  Dibang River flows through it.

Mizo Hills (Lushai Hills)

Mizoram, Tripura

·  Southernmost part of the Purvanchal, also known as the Lusai Hills.

·  Part of the Patkai range in Mizoram and partially in Tripura.

·  Highest peak – 2,157 m high Phawngpui or Blue Mountain.

·  Crossed by the Tropic of Cancer.

Manipur Hills

Manipur

·  Part of the Purvanchal in Manipur.

·  Loktak Lake is located in it.

·  Manipur River originates here.

·  Forms boundary between India and Myanmar.

VINDHYA RANGE

Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat,

Uttar Pradesh and Bihar

·  The Vindhya Range (also known as Vindhyachal) is a complex, discontinuous chain of mountain ridges, hill ranges, highlands and plateau escarpments in west-central India.

·  The general elevation of the Vindhya Range is around 980-2,100 feet above sea level, with peaks rarely going over 2,300 feet.

·  Highest peak – Sadbhawna Shikhar

SATPURA RANGE

Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh

·  A range of hills in central India.

·  The range rises in eastern Gujarat state running east through the border of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh to the east till Chhattisgarh.

·  Passes through Madhya Pradesh, Gujrat, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh

·  Highest peak – Dhupgarh

ARAVALLI RANGE

Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana & Delhi

·  Old dissected mountains of north western India.

·  Means ‘line of peaks’, runs across Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana & Delhi.

·  Highest Peak – Gurushikhar, Mt Abu

·  Famous passes – Pipli Ghat, Haldi Ghat

·  Locally known as Mewar hills

·  Source of Banas, Luni and Sabarmati rivers

·  Rich in non- ferrous minerals

Abu Hills

Rajasthan

·  The southwestern part of the Aravalli Range, between the Sabarmati and the Banas Rivers.

·  Mount Abu is located on it.

Maikal Range

Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh

·  Eastern part of the Satpura Range.

·  Located between Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.

·  Source of many tributaries of Narmada, Mahanadi and Godavari.

·  Inhabited by the tribal peoples like Baiga and Gond.

·  Kanha National Park, Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve are situated here.

Kaimur Range

MP, UP & Bihar

·  Eastern portion of the Vindhya Range in MP, UP & Bihar,

·  Located between the Son and the Tons rivers in north eastern Madhya Pradesh.

·  Its northern edge forms escarpments.

·  Prehistoric rock paintings have been discovered here.

Mahadeo Range

Madhya Pradesh

·  Forms the central part of the Satpura Range.

·  Highest peak – Dhoopgarh

·  Watershed between Narmada and Godavari.

·  Origin of the Tapi River.

Ramgarh Hills

Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand

·  Hills of the north eastern Chhattisgarh, adjoining Jharkhand.

·  Source of Rihand, Sankh and Mand and Ib rivers.

·  Main city is Ambikapur.

Ajanta Range

Maharashtra

·  A mountain range of Maharashtra entirely within the state Maharashtra.

·  Situated South of river Tapi.

·  Sheltering caves of world famous paintings of Gupta period.

·  Forms the watershed between the Godavari and the Tapi river systems

·  Source of Purna and Penganga River.

·  Ajanta Caves are located.

Satmala Range

Maharashtra

·  Branch the northern Western Ghats in the northwest Maharashtra

Nirmal Range

Maharashtra

·  A low hill of Maharashtra located between Penganga and Godavari rivers.

·  Nanded city is located on it.

Rajmahal Hills

Jharkhand

·  In Jharkhand made up of lava basaltic rocks.

·  Point of Ganges bifurcation.

Dalma Hills

Jharkhand

·  Located in Jamshedpur.

·  Famous for Dalma national park & minerals like iron ore & manganese.

Mandav Hills

Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan

·  Hills of the central Kathiawar

·  Forms a radial drainage pattern

·  Main city – Rajkot

·  Covered with the basaltic lava

Gir Hills

Gujarat

·  Low hills of the Kathiawar Peninsula to the southeast of the Girnar Hills.

·  Highest Peak – Sarkala (643m)

·  The Gir National Park is located in the region.

Girnar Hills

Gujarat

·  Collection of mountains in the Junagarh district, in the Kathiawar.

·  Girnar Peak (945m) is highest peak of Gujarat.

·  The Gir National Park is located in the region.

·  Holy place for both Hindus and Jains.

Rajpipla Hills

Gujarat

·  The westernmost part of the Satpura Range, mainly in eastern Gujarat, around the city of Rajpipla.

·  Separated from the Gawilgarh Hills by the Khandwa Gap.

WESTERN GHATS

·  Made up of multiple mountain ranges, with more than 70 peaks.

·  Varying in height from 1,713 feet to 8,842 feet above sea level.

EASTERN GHATS

Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana,  Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala

·  The Eastern Ghats are a discontinuous range of mountains along India’s eastern coast.

·  The Eastern Ghats run from the northern Odisha through Andhra Pradesh to Tamil Nadu in the south passing some parts of Karnataka and in the Wayanad district of Kerala.

·  They are eroded and cut through by four major rivers of peninsular India, viz. Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna, and Kaveri.

·  It has peaked over 3,280 feet above sea level though, mainly in the Maliya Range in Odisha and Madugula Konda Range in Andhra Pradesh.

·  The highest is Jindhagada Peak in Andhra Pradesh, with an elevation of 5,545 feet.

Baba Budan Giri

Karnataka

·  Part of the Western Ghats in the Chikamangaluru District of Karnataka.

·  Highest peak- Mullayangiri

·  Baba Budan was a 17^th century sufi, who is believed to have introduced coffee in India.

·  Known for coffee cultivation.

Harishchandra Hills

Maharashtra

·  Eastward spur of the Western Ghats, in Maharashtra.

·  Average elevation – 600m.

·  Elevation gradually decreases towards the southeast.

·  Flat topped Hills, consisting of basaltic lava.

·  At Pune, acts as a water divide bw Godavari & Krishna.

·  Slops are eroded into terraces.

·  Named after Harishchandragarh, its highest peak.

·  Ahmednagar is the chief city in the region.

Balaghat range

MP & Maharashtra

·  Series of hills in western Maharashtra originates from the Western Ghats.

·  Extends for 200 miles to form border between Maharashtra and Karnataka.

·  Flat topped hills with lava covers.

·  Source of Manjra River.

·  Famous for manganese deposits.

·  Rainier west has dense vegetation but the eastern part is barren and stony.

Talcher series

Odisha

·  Odisha, rich in bituminous coal

Garhjat Hills

Odisha, Jharkhand,

·  The Garhjat Hills is a mountain range formed by a series low lying hills, plateaux, ridges and meadows.

·  Stretch into Odisha from the Utkal Plains in the Chotanagpur region of Jharkhand and the Chhattisgarh Plains.

·  Mayurbhanj and Keonjhar come under it.

·  Famous for iron ores.

·  Several Gond tribes live here.

·  Highest peak – Malaygiri (1187m).

Bailadila range

Chhattisgarh

·  Bailadila Range, is a mountain range rising in the Deccan Plateau about 200 km west of the Eastern Ghats.

·  It has been named ‘Bailadila’ because it resembles the hump of an ox.

·  It is located near Kirandul town in the Dantewada district of southern Chhattisgarh, India.

Champion series

Karnataka

·  Karnataka, Dharawar period.

·  rich in gold (contains kolar mines)

Nagari Hills

Andhra Pradesh

·  Southernmost part of Andhra Pradesh, west of the Pulicat Lake in Chittur District.

·  Main city – Nagari

·  ‘Nag’ means nose in Telugu

·  Highest cliff- Nagari Nose

Velikonda Range

Andhra Pradesh

·  Part of the Eastern Ghats. Southeast of Andhra Pradesh, east of the Nallmalla Hills.

·  Strongly folded and faulted.

·  Assumed to be elevated during the Cambrian Period, now a relict range.

·  Chenchu tribal people live here.

·  Parallel to the Coromandel Coast.

·  Crossed by the Penneru River.

Melagiri Range

Karnataka and Tamil Nadu

·  Range of hills, part of the Eastern Ghats.

·  Melagiri Sanctuary is located here.

·  Arkaveti River flows through the range.

·  Hosur city, Bennerghatta NP and Kolar gold fields are near to it.

Nilgiri Hills

Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala

·  Referred as Blue mountains, a range of mountains in the westernmost part of Tamil Nadu at the junction of Karnataka and Kerala.

·  Hills are separated from the Karnataka plateau to the north by the Moyar River and from the Anaimalai Hills & Palni Hills to the south by the Palghat Gap – Trijunction of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka, north of the Palghat.

·  Meeting point of the Eastern and Western ghats.

·  Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve and other conservation areas.

·  Highest peak – Doddabetta, 4 km from Otty.

Palani Hills

Tamil Nadu

·  Eastward extension of the Western Ghats ranges.

·  Adjoin the high Anamalai range on the west, and extend east into the plains of Tamil Nadu.

·  North of Vaigai River.

·  Mostly within Dindigul district.

·  Hill station – Kodaikanal.

Anamalai Hills

Kerala and Tamil Nadu

·  Also known as Elephant Hill.

·  Located between Kerala and Tamil Nadu, south of the Palghat Gap.

·  Highest peak – Anaimudi (Idukki district, Kerala).

·  Many sanctuaries and parks and have many Trekking destination.

·  Tea, coffee, rubber cultivation and teak forests.

Cardmom Hills

Kerala and Tamil Nadu

·  Part of the southern Western Ghats, located in southeast Kerala and southwest Tamil Nadu.

·  Named after the cardamoms which are grown here, beside pepper and coffee.

·  Has the Shencottah Gap.

·  Act as Climatic barrier, source of many rivers.

·  Have many forest reserves for ecological conservation.

Varushnad Hills

Tamil Nadu

·  South of the Vaigai River and southwest of Madurai, up to the Cardamom Hills.

·  Eastern offshoot of the Western Ghats.

·  Cumbum Valley (Vaigai) divides it from the Western Ghats.

·  Source of Arjuna and Gunnar rivers.

Sirumalai Hills

Tamil Nadu

·  Between Vaigai (S) and Kaveri in Tamil Nadu.

·  Source of Valiyar and Manimuttar rivers.

·  Dindigul is the main city nearby it.

·  Hill station – Sirumalai.

Shevroy Hills

Tamil Nadu

·  Between Vellar and Ponnaiyar rivers in Tamil Nadu.

·  Around Salem city.

·  Sanatorium and several old coffee plantations.

·  Source of Turunanimuttai, Vellar, Gomukha and Manimukta rivers.

Javadi Hills

Tamil Nadu

·  Northern Tamil Nadu in Vellar district.

·  Between Ponnaiyar and Palar rivers.

·  Bisected into eastern and western sections by Cheyyar and Agaram, tributaries of the Palar.

·  Grains, legumes, oilseeds are chief crops.

Pachamalai Hills

Tamil Nadu

·   also known as the Pachais. Eastern Ghats in Tamil Nadu.

·   Panchai mean ‘green’ and malai means ‘hills’.

·   Between Kaveri and Vellar rivers in Tamil Nadu.

·   Haven of tribals.

·   Average elevation – 500m to 1000m.

·   Namakkal is the main city.

Agasthyamalai Hills

Kerala and Tamil Nadu

·   The Pothigai Hills, also known as the Shiva Jothi Parvath, Agasthiyar Mountain, Southern Kailash is a 1,866 m tall peak within Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve.

·   Situated on border of Kerala and Tamil Nadu.