Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs

About Ministry

• The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs is the apex authority of Government of India at the national level to formulate policies, sponsor and support programme, coordinate the activities of various Central Ministries, State Governments and other nodal authorities and monitor the programmes concerning all the issues of housing and urban affairs in the country.
• The ministry also published the National City Rating, which ranked the cleanest cities in India, under which Indore was rated as the cleanest.
• The ministry announced Smart Cities in India on 27 August 2015.

 

PRADHAN MANTRI AWAS YOJANA (PMAY) – URBAN

• It is the urban component of the ‘Housing for All by 2022’ initiative of Government of India launched under Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
• Target – Housing for all by constructing more than 2 crore houses by 2022.

Objectives

• • Construct two crore houses across the nation by 2022.
  • Covers the entire urban area consisting of 4041 statutory towns with initial focus on 500 Class I cities in 3 phases

Intended beneficiary

• • Beneficiaries include economically weaker section (EWS), low-income groups (LIGs) and Middle-Income Groups (MIGs). The annual income cap is up to Rs 3 lakh for EWS, Rs 3-6 lakh for LIG and Rs 6 to 18 lakhs for MIG.
  • The beneficiary family should not own a pucca house either in his/her name or in the name of any member of his/her family in any part of India.

Implemented By

• • National Housing Bank and Housing and Urban Development Corporation (HUDCO) have been designated as Central Nodal Agency (CAN) for implementation of CLSS.

 Salient Features

• • It will provide central assistance to Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) and other implementing agencies through States/UTs for –
    1. 1. In-situ Rehabilitation of existing slum dwellers using land as a resource through private participation
       2. Credit Linked Subsidy (CLSS) – The scheme gives credit linked subsidy in the form of interest subsidy to 3 types of income groups in the urban areas:
          1. 1. Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) – subsidy 6.5% (on max. loan amount of 6 lakhs)
             2. Low Income Group (LIG) – subsidy 6.5% (on max loan amount of 6 lakhs)
             3. Middle Income Group I – subsidy 4% (on max. loan amount of 9 lakhs)
             4. Middle Income Group II – subsidy 3% (on max. loan amount of 12 lakhs)
       3. Affordable Housing in Partnership with public or private sector. The Mission will provide financial assistance to affordable housing Projects
       4. Subsidy for Beneficiary-led individual house construction/enhancement – To cover the beneficiaries who are not able to take advantage of other components of the mission. Such families may avail of central assistance of Rs. 1.5 lakh for construction of new houses under the mission.
  • Credit linked subsidy component will be implemented as a Central Sector Scheme while other 3 components will be implemented as Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS).
  • EWS category of beneficiaries is eligible for assistance in all four verticals of the Missions whereas LIG and MIG categories are eligible under only Credit linked subsidy scheme (CLSS) component of the Mission.
  • The houses constructed/acquired with central assistance under the mission should be in the name of the female head of the household or in the joint name of the male head of the household and his wife, and only in cases when there is no adult female member in the family, the house can be in the name of male member of the household.
  • Flexibility to States for choosing best options to meet the demand of housing in their states
  • Central grant of Rs. 1 lakhs per house, on an average, will be available under the slum rehabilitation programme
  • Geo-tagging for monitoring the progress of construction of houses, Public Financial Management System (PFMS) to ensure electronic fund flow and Technology Sub-Mission to implement new construction technologies, have been introduced.
  • Government has also sanctioned ‘infrastructure status for the affordable housing sector, giving a boost to PMAY.

Latest Developments

• • Affordable Housing Fund (AHF) was established in National Housing Bank (NHB) with an objective to improve the affordability of the target group to own their homes.
  • National Urban Housing Fund for Rs. 60,000 crore has been set up for raising Extra Budgetary Resources (EBR) for the rapid implementation of PMAY (U).

 

SMART CITIES MISSION

Launched in June 2015 under the 

Objectives

• • It aims to promote cities that provide core infrastructure and give a decent quality of life to its citizens, a clean and sustainable environment and application of ‘Smart’ Solutions.
  • It aims to focus on sustainable and inclusive development and to set examples that can be replicated both within and outside the Smart City, catalysing the creation of similar Smart Cities in various regions and parts of the country.
  • To improve the ease of living particularly for poor, women, elderly and differently abled.

Coverage

• • The Mission will cover 100 cities and its duration will be five years (FY2015-16 to FY2019- 20).
  • The idea is to create a replicable model which will act like a lighthouse to other aspiring cities.

Salient Features

• • The strategic components of Area-based development in the Smart Cities Mission are
    • 1. city improvement (retrofitting),
      2. city renewal (redevelopment) and
      3. city extension (greenfield development) plus a Pan-city initiative in which Smart Solutions are applied covering larger parts of the city.
  • Core infrastructure component includes – adequate electricity supply; water and sanitation, efficient urban mobility; affordable housing; robust IT connectivity; good governance; sustainable environment; safety and security of citizens, particularly women, children and the elderly; and health and education
  • It will be operated as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) and the Central Government proposes to give financial support to the Mission to the extent of Rs. 48,000 crores over five years i.e. on an average Rs. 100 crores per city per year. An equal amount, on a matching basis, will have to be contributed by the State/ULB.
  • States are asked to nominate names of cities for a ‘City Challenge Competition’ and the chosen ones will get Central fund.
  • Cities will prepare their Smart City Proposal (SCP) containing the vision, plan for mobilisation of resources and intended outcomes in terms of infrastructure upgradation and smart applications.
  • The implementation of the Mission at the City level will be done by a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) which will be headed by a CEO and have nominees of Central Government, State Government and ULB on its Board. The SPV will be a limited company incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 at the city-level, in which State/UT and the ULB will be the promoters having 50:50 equity shareholding.
  • The private sector or financial institutions could be considered for taking equity stake in the SPV, provided the shareholding pattern of 50:50 of the State/UT and the ULB is maintained and the State/UT and the ULB together have majority shareholding and control of the SPV.
  • Funds provided by the Government of India in the Smart Cities Mission to the SPV will be in the form of tied grant and kept in a separate Grant Fund.
  • Under the SCM, 100 Smart Cities have been selected in 4 Rounds based on All India Competition. All 100 cities have incorporated Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs).

Latest Developments

• • All 100 Smart cities have incorporated Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs)
  • Indian Smart City Fellowship and Indian Smart City Internship programs
  • The “Ease of Living” Index is an initiative of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) to help cities assess their liveability vis-à-vis global and national benchmarks and encourage cities to move towards an ‘outcome-based’ approach to urban planning and management. Index is based on critical pillars of urban development (Physical, Institutional, Social and Economic). It incorporates 78 indicators across 15 categories. 111 cities ranked.
  • An all-India Challenge named CITIIS (Cities Investments to Innovate Integrate and Sustain) was launched on July 9, 2018 in partnership with Agence Française de Développement (AFD) and European Union. Grant would be given to Smart cities for implementation of 15 innovative projects selected through the All-India
  • Smart Cities Digital Payments Awards 2018 were launched on 9 July, 2018. The objective of the awards is to guide, motivate, recognize and reward the Smart Cities for promoting digital payments and carrying out innovative payment initiatives.

 

ATAL MISSION FOR REJUVENATION AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION (AMRUT)

Objectives

• • The Mission will focus on the following Thrust Areas –
    • 1. water supply,
      2. sewerage facilities and seepage management,
      3. storm water drains to reduce flooding,
      4. pedestrian, non-motorized and public transport facilities, parking spaces, and enhancing amenity value of cities by creating and upgrading green spaces, parks and recreation centers, especially for children

Salient Features

• • Five hundred cities will be taken up under AMRUT which include –
    • 1. All Cities and Towns with a population of over one lakh with notified
      2. Municipalities, including Cantonment Boards (Civilian areas),
      3. All Capital Cities/Towns of States/ UTs, not covered in above ,
      4. All Cities/ Towns classified as Heritage Cities by MoUD under the HRIDAY Scheme,
      5. Thirteen Cities and Towns on the stem of the main rivers with a population above 75,000 and less than 1 lakh, and
      6. Ten Cities from hill states, islands and tourist destinations (not more than one from each State).
  • The total outlay for AMRUT is Rs. 50,000 crore for five years from FY2015-16 to FY2019-20 and the Mission will be operated as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme.
  • 10 % of the annual budget allocation shall be kept apart and given to the States/UTs every year as incentive for achievement of Reforms.
  • Central assistance will be released in three instalments in the ratio of 20:40:40 based on achievement stated in State Annual Action Plans.
  • It makes States equal partners in planning and implementation of projects, thus actualizing the spirit of cooperative federalism by replacing the project-by-project sanctions by MoUD by approval of the State Annual Action Plan once a year by the MoUD and the States have to give project sanctions and approval at their end.
  • It also involves individual and institutional capacity building of the Mission Cities and ULBs.
  • Recently, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs has decided to provide incentive to ULBs covered under AMRUT for Issuance of Municipal Bonds.

 

DEEN DAYAL ANTYODAYA YOJANA- URBAN (NATIONAL URBAN LIVELIHOODS MISSION) DAY-NULM

• Launched in 2013 as Centrally Sponsored Scheme

Objectives

• • To uplift the urban poor folks by enhancing sustainable livelihood opportunities through skill development.

Intended beneficiary

• • Urban poor – Street Vendors, Slum dwellers, Homeless, Rag pickers
  • Unemployed
  • Differently abled

Salient Features

• • NULM was launched by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (MHUPA) in 2013 by replacing the existing Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY).
  • It provides for –
    • 1. Employment through Skill Training and Placement through City Livelihood Centres.
      2. Social Mobilization and Institution Development through formation of Self-Help Groups (SHG) for training members and hand holding, an initial support of 10, 000 is given for each group.
      3. Subsidy to urban poor – An interest subsidy of 5% – 7% for setting up individual micro-enterprises with a loan of up to 2 lakhs and for group enterprises with a loan limit of up to Rs.10 lakhs.
      4. Cost of construction of shelters for urban homeless is fully funded under the Scheme.
      5. Other means – Development of vendor markets and also the promotion of skills for the vendors through setting up infrastructure and special projects for the rag picker and differently abled etc.
      6. Recently Ministry of Housing launched a web portal named PAiSA- Portal for Affordable Credit and Interest Subvention Access. It acts as a centralized electronic platform for processing interest subvention on bank loans to beneficiaries under Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Urban Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NULM).
      7. City Livelihood Centres (CLCs) – DAY-NULM, in collaboration with Government e-Marketplace (GeM) is facilitating CLCs in in standardization of products and their specifications, identification of products to be launched on e-marketplace and registration on GeM portal as ‘seller’.

 

NATIONAL HERITAGE CITY DEVELOPMENT AND AUGMENTATION YOJANA (HRIDAY)

• launched on 21st January 2015, Mission operated as Central Sector scheme.

Objectives

• • Focus on holistic development of heritage cities and to preserve and revitalise soul of the heritage city to reflect the city’s unique character by encouraging aesthetically appealing, accessible, informative & secured environment.

Salient Features

• • It is a central sector scheme, where 100% funding will be provided by Government of India.
  • The scheme will broadly focus on four theme areas –
    • 1. Physical Infrastructure,
      2. Institutional Infrastructure,
      3. Economic Infrastructure &
      4. Social Infrastructure.
  • Bringing urban planning, economic growth and heritage conservation together
  • Beautification of cities in an inclusive and integrated manner with focus on cleanliness, livelihoods, skills, safety, security, accessibility
  • Creating infrastructure & providing facilities around the heritage sites to attract more tourists.
  • Improvement of water supply, sanitation, drainage, waste management, footpaths, approach roads, street lights, electricity wiring, tourist convenience etc.
  • With a duration of 4 years 3 months (up to March, 2019) and a total outlay of INR 500 Crores, the Scheme is being implemented in 12 identified Cities namely, Ajmer, Amaravati, Amritsar, Badami, Dwarka, Gaya, Kanchipuram, Mathura, Puri, Varanasi, Velankanni and Warangal. The scheme is implemented in a mission mode.
  • Identified cities/towns will be required to prepare Heritage Management Plan (HMP) for the city/town and develop and execute Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) for availing assistance under the scheme.

 

SWACHH BHARAT MISSION (URBAN)

Objectives

• • Eliminate open defecation,
  • Conversion of insanitary toilets to pour flush toilets,
  • Eradication of manual scavenging,
  • 100% collection and scientific processing/disposal reuse/ recycle of Municipal Solid Waste,
  • To bring about a behavioural change in people regarding healthy sanitation practices,
  • Generate awareness among the citizens about sanitation and its linkages with public health.
  • Strengthening of urban local bodies to design, execute and operate systems,
  • To create enabling environment for private sector participation in Capital Expenditure and Operation & Maintenance (O&M) costs.

Conducted by

• • Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs – in urban areas

Salient Features

• • The Mission will be in force till 2nd October 2019.
  • The Mission has following components –
    • 1. Construction of Household Toilets,
      2. Community and Public Toilets,
      3. Municipal Solid Waste Management,
      4. Information, Education & Communication (IEC) and
      5. Public Awareness,
      6. Capacity Building and Administrative & Office Expenses (A&OE).
  • The funding pattern between the Central Government and the State Government/ Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) is 75%:25% (90%: 10% for North Eastern and special category states).
  • The gap in financing of the components could be met by the beneficiary contribution, private funding, and funds with private companies under Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and the Swachh Bharat Kosh of the Ministry of Finance.

Other Initiatives under Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban)

Swachh Survekshan 2019

• • • This fourth edition Swachh Survekshan 2019 aims to increase the coverage of the ranking exercise to all cities under Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban. (Swachh Survekshan 2018 ranked 4,203 Cities.) The Quality Council of India (QCI) is responsible for carrying out the assessment.
    • The distinctive features of the survey include encouraging large-scale citizen participation, ensuring sustainability of initiatives taken towards garbage free and open defecation free cities, providing credible outcomes which would be validated by third party certification etc.
    • Data will be collected from 4 broad sources – ‘Service Level Progress’, Direct Observation, Citizens Feedback and Certification (newly introduced).

SBM ODF+ and ODF++ Protocol

• • • The original ODF protocol, issued in March 2016, said, “A city/ward is notified as ODF city/ward if, at any point of the day, not a single person is found defecating in the open. With 18 states / UTs and 3,223 cities declared ODF.
    • The ODF Protocol (2016) says that “A city/ward is notified as ODF city/ward if, “at any point of the day, not a single person is found defecating in the open.”
    • The ODF+ protocol (2018) says that a city, ward or work circle could be declared ODF+ if, “at any point of the day, not a single person is found defecating and/or urinating in the open, and all community and public toilets are functional and well-maintained.”
    • The ODF++ protocol (2018) adds the condition that “faecal sludge/seepage and sewage is safely managed and treated, with no discharging and/or dumping of untreated faecal sludge/seepage and sewage in drains, water bodies or open areas.”

Significance of ODF+, ODF++                                                           

• • • With 18 states/ UTs and 3,223 cities declared ODF, ODF+ and ODF++ protocols are the next steps (additional parameters) for the SBM-U and aim to ensure sustainability of the ODF status.

Sustainability focus                                                                            

• • • SBM ODF+ – Focus on sustaining toilet usage by ensuring their functionality, cleanliness &maintenance.
    • SBM ODF++ – Focus on achieving sanitation sustainability by addressing complete sanitation value chain, including safe containment, processing and disposal of faecal sludge and seepage.

Swachh Manch Web Portal (2018)

• • • Recently launched by Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs in 2018. It is web-based platform which aims to bring together every stakeholder contributing to the Swachh Bharat Mission under a common platform.

Key Features                                                                                                                                       

• • • It will allow stakeholders to create/invite/ participate in volunteering opportunities around neighbourhoods.
    • It will enable uploads of pictorial evidence of citizens and organizations participating in the initiatives.
    • It will record the number of hours volunteered, as acknowledgement of citizens’/organisations’ efforts and contributions to the cause of ‘swachhata’.
    • Swachh Manch will also be integrated with the existing Swachhata App to act as a citizens’ grievance redressal platform.

Protocol for Star Rating of Garbage-Free Cities

• • • It aims to rate cities on a 7-star rating system based on 12 cleanliness indicators for solid waste management, for eg. Door to Door Collection, bulk generator compliance, source segregation, sweeping, scientific processing of waste, scientific land filling, plastic waste management, citizen grievance redressal system etc.
    • It follows a SMART framework – Single metric, Measurable, Achievable, Rigorous verification mechanism and Targeted towards outcome.
    • Cities are rated based on their compliance with ODF protocol released by Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
    • A city will be given rating of 3 star or above only after it is declared ODF (Open Defecation Free).

NORTH EASTERN REGION URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME -NERUDP

• Taken up by the Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) with the financial assistance from Asian Development Bank (ADB).
• ADB contribution is 70% of the cost as loan to the Government of India.
• The scheme is being implemented in the capital cities of 5 North Eastern States viz. Agartala (Tripura), Aizawl (Mizoram), Gangtok (Sikkim), and Kohima (Nagaland) covering priority urban services namely -Water Supply, Sewerage and Sanitation, and Solid Waste Management besides capacity building, institutional and financial reforms.
• The projects under the NERUDP scheme have been spread over three Tranches and are under execution in the project cities since 2009.

 

 

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