Noble Prize Winners of India

What is Nobel Prize?

• The will of the Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel established the prizes in 1895.
• Noble Prize an international award which is given each year to “those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind.”
• Alfred Nobel was a Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist most famously known for the invention of dynamite. He died in 1896. In his will, he bequeathed all of his “remaining realisable assets” to be used to establish five prizes which became known as “Nobel Prizes.” Nobel Prizes were first awarded in 1901.
• First Indian Nobel Prize winner is Rabindhranath Tagore. He got this award in 1930.

Fields of Nobel Prizes

• The Prizes in Chemistry, Literature, Peace, Physics and Physiology or Medicine were first awarded in 1901.
• The set of communities associated with the awards presentation are-
  • Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute (Physiology or Medicine)
  • Norwegian Nobel Committee (Peace)
  • Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (Chemistry, Economic Sciences, Physics)
  • Swedish Academy (Literature)
  • The Sverige Riksbank Prize in Economics Science in Memory of Alfred Nobel was establish in 1986 by Bank of Sweden.

Noble Prize Winners of India

• Two of the Nobel laureates – Rabindranath Tagore and C.V. Raman were citizens of British India at the time they were awarded.
• Two also were of foreign origin – Ronald Ross and Rudyard Kipling.
• Three of the laureates were citizens of the Republic of India – Mother Teresa, Amartya Kumar Sen, and Kailash Satyarthi
• Four were Indian by birth but subsequently non-citizens of India – Har Gobind Khorana, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, and Abhijit Banerjee.

List of Indian Nobel Laureates

• The list of Indian Nobel Laureates is given below –

Indian Citizenship

Born in India but different Citizenship

Indian Residents at the time of being awarded & Non-Indian Citizenship

 

 

 

Indian Nobel Prize Winners

RABINDHRANATH TAGORE – First Indian Nobel Prize winner

• • Nobel Prize Year – 1913
  • Nobel Prize Subject – Literature (“Geetanjali” a collection of his poems)
  • Birth – 7 May 1861
  • Died – 7 August 1941
  • Rabindranath Tagore was the first Indian citizen to be awarded the Nobel Prize. Rabindranath Tagore is also called Gurudev. Tagore was a poet, novelist, writer, essay, dramas, educationist, spiritualist, lyricist, composer and singer. He composed the National anthems of India “Jana Gana Mana” and Bangladesh “Amar Sonar Bangla”.
  • His famous books include Chitrangada, Geetanjali, Gora, Chandalika, Visarjana, and Hungry Stones.

CHANDRASEKHARA VENKATA RAMAN – Second Indian Nobel Prize winner

• • Nobel Prize Year – 1930
  • Nobel Prize Subject – Physics (“Raman Effect”)
  • Birth – 7 November 1888
  • Died – 21 November 1970
  • Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman was the first Asian scientist to win the Novel Prize, commonly known as C.V. Raman. Raman Effect ‘was discovered on February 28, 1928. In memory of this great discovery, 28th February is celebrated every year as “National Science Day”. Government of India has given the country’s highest honor ‘Bharat Ratna’ to the remarkable contribution of science.

 Dr. HARGOBIND KHORANA – Third Indian Nobel Prize winner

• • Nobel Prize Year – 1968
  • Nobel Prize Subject – Medicine (“Interpretation of the genetic code and its function ˮ)
  • Birth – 9 January 1922
  • Died – 9 November 2011
  • Dr. Hargobind Khorana was an Indian- American molecular biologist. These awards were conferred with two other American scientists, Dr. Robert Holle and Dr. Marshall Nireberg.

MOTHER TERESA – Fourth Indian Nobel Prize winner

• • Nobel Prize Year – 1979
  • Nobel Prize Subject – Peace (“work in bringing help to suffering humanity”)
  • Birth – 26 August 1910
  • Died – 5 September 1997
  • Mother Teresa was a great woman who put all her life in the help of poor and needy people. Her simple message was “the poor must know that we love them.”

SUBRAHMANYAM CHANDRASEKHAR – Fifth Indian Nobel Prize winner

• • Nobel Prize Year – 1983
  • Nobel Prize Subject – Physics (“for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars”)
  • Birth – 19 October 1910
  • Died – 21 August 1995
  • Subrahmanyam Chandrasekhar shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1983 with William Alfred Fowler. Dr. Subramanyam is the son of the elder brother of the “Nobel Prize Winner” Sir C.V.Raman. He first studied stellar structure, including the theory of white dwarfs, from 1929 to 1939, then stellar dynamics from 1939 to 1943.

AMARTYA KUMAR SEN – Sixth Indian Nobel Prize winner

• • Nobel Prize Year – 1998
  • Nobel Prize Subject – Economics (“For his contributions to welfare economics”)
  • Birth – 3 November 1933
  • Amartya Kumar Sen is an Indian economist and philosopher. In 2009, Amartya Sen published a book titled “The Idea of Justice” by which he interpreted his ‘Theory of Justice’. Some of his important work is in development, social welfare and the area of poverty.

VENKATRAMAN RAMAKRISHNAN – Seven Indian Nobel Prize winner

• • Nobel Prize Year – 2009
  • Nobel Prize Subject – Chemistry (“For studies of the structure and function of the Ribosome”)
  • Birth – 1 April, 1952
  • Venkatraman Ramakrishnan is an Indian born American structural biologist. Dr. Ramakrishnan received the award with two other scientists Thomas A. Steitz and an Israeli Ada E. Yonath.

 KAILASH SATYARTHI – Eighth Indian Nobel Prize winner

• • Nobel Prize Year – 2014
  • Nobel Prize Subject – Peace (“for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education”)
  • Birth – 11 January 1954
  • Kailash Satyarthi is the first India-born person to have been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. He had run the childhood rescue movement. He had won several national and International awards including Robert F Kennedy International Human Rights Award (USA), Medal of the Italian Senate (2007-Italy), Fredric Ebert International Human Rights Award (Germany) and Defenders of Democracy Award (2009-US).

ABHIJIT BANERJEE – Ninth Indian Nobel Prize winner

• • Nobel Prize Year – 2019
  • Nobel Prize Subject – Economics (“for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty”)
  • Birth – 21 February 1961
  • Awarded together with his wife Esther Duflo and American economist Michael Kremer.

 

So, this was all about the important Noble Prize Winners of India. In the Next Post (Click Here), we will learn about the First Nobel Prize Winners of different Countries.

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